Leveraging AI for Decarbonization in the Energy Sector

Decarbonizing the energy sector while meeting increasing energy demand is one of the central challenges in the global response to climate change. This article discusses the ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) can help to decarbonize the energy sector, and the risks and challenges that can arise from AI-led innovation. We provide evidence-based examples of AI applications in energy supply, generation, and consumption that support decarbonization pathways. Additionally, future potential trajectories for AI in the energy sector are explored and discussed. Challenges to the uptake and scalability of these AI solutions include existing societal inequalities, financial and infrastructure gaps, and the uncertainty around rebound effects of AI. While AI technologies show much promise, realizing their potential to help achieve decarbonization targets will require addressing current inequalities and unsustainable political, societal, and economic behaviors.